Tax refunds for dissolved companies

Dissolving a company ends its legal existence — but unresolved assets become property of the Crown under bona vacantia. Directors must act carefully to settle assets and liabilities before dissolution, avoiding costly mistakes and lost opportunities.

Dissolving a company is a formal legal process that marks the end of its existence. While this process may seem straightforward, it is essential for directors and company officers to understand the legal and financial consequences that arise once a company is dissolved. In particular, in relation to outstanding assets, liabilities, and the principles of bona vacantia.

A company legally ceases to exist upon dissolution. From that point forward, it can neither undertake activities nor receive assets, including tax refunds. It is therefore the responsibility of the company's directors to ensure that all assets and liabilities are appropriately resolved prior to the dissolution taking effect.

Any assets or rights (excluding liabilities) that remain within the company at the date of dissolution automatically pass to the Crown as bona vacantia, a legal doctrine meaning “ownerless goods.” The management of bona vacantia assets is delegated to different bodies across the United Kingdom depending on the company's location, but all act on behalf of the Crown.

Importantly, only companies that have been formally dissolved fall under bona vacantia. Companies that are in the process of liquidation or being wound up are not yet subject to these rules, as they are still legally in existence. Until dissolution is complete, the company retains ownership of its assets and rights.

In certain circumstances, it may be possible to restore a dissolved company to the Companies Register if the dissolution occurred within the last six years. Restoration would reverse the effects of bona vacantia, reinstating the company’s rights to its previously held assets. However, this process can be complex, time-consuming, and should not be relied upon as a remedy for poor planning.